Cytokeratin 7 and especially cytokeratin 17 highlighted the presence of ducts in the hyperplastic lesion, which are not present in adenomas. p16 and p53 were negative and Ki-67 immunostaining demonstrated similar low proliferation indices for normal and hyperplastic glands.
Patients with variants outside these criteria had FAP-related extracolonic manifestations, colorectal cancer aged <40, somatic KRAS c.34G > T variant in the tumor or a first-degree relative with >10 adenomas.
Twenty-five CRC biopsies and 15 adenoma were analyzed for KRAS mutations by DNA sequencing (Sanger sequencing), and all 50 patients (35 CRCs and 15 adenomas) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the CR-1 protein expression.
Larger adenoma size, higher frequency of villous structure, loss of proliferation polarity, p53 expression, larger TAM numbers and larger microvessel density (MVD) were detected in Group H than in Group L adenomas.
As a result, a classification model built with methylation of SDC2 and SFRP2, KRAS mutations and hemoglobin showed a sensitivity of 91.4% for colorectal cancer and 60% for adenoma with the specificity of 86.1%.
VDR mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of CYP11B2, CYP17A1 and CYP11B1 in APA tumor tissues and significantly higher in KCNJ5 mutated APAs than wild type.
Despite suppression of prolactin levels with cabergoline, the pituitary tumor continued to increase in size and the patient developed clinical symptoms and biochemistry consistent with the diagnosis of acromegaly due to acidophilic stem cell adenoma, an extremely rare subtype of mixed growth hormone/prolactin adenoma, which behaves more aggressively and has a lower surgical cure rate compared to the pure GH-secreting adenoma.
This unique disturbance of the cAMP-PDE pathway observed in the majority of <i>AIP</i>-mutation positive adenomas could contribute to their well-described poor response to somatostatin analogs and may support a role in tumorigenesis.
Histone modifications have been linked to increased p53 expression and longer progression-free survival in pituitary tumors; sirtuins are expressed at higher values in GH-expressing compared to nonfunctional adenomas and correlate inversely with size in somatotrophs.
Altered miR-21, miRNA-148a Expression in Relation to KRAS Mutation Status as Indicator of Adenoma-Carcinoma Transitional Pattern in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma Lesions.
However, none of the factors (prolactin before withdrawal, menopausal status, treatment duration, complete adenoma regression) showed a correlation with recurrence risk in multivariate analysis.
Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective treatment for patients with either nonfunctioning or secreting pituitary adenomas unsuccessfully treated by surgery and/or medical therapy, resulting in local control of 90-95% at 5-10 years and variable normalization of hormonal hypersecretion for patients with GH-, ACTH-, and prolactin-secreting adenomas in the range of 40-80% at 5 years; however, its use has been limited because of concerns regarding potential late toxicity of radiation and delayed efficacy in normalization of hormone hypersecretion.
Current guidelines for serum prolactin level cutoffs to distinguish between pathologies are suboptimal because they fail to consider the adenoma volume.
We generated a specific KCNJ5 monoclonal antibody which was used in immunohistochemistry to demonstrate strong KCNJ5 expression in adenomas without a <i>KCNJ5</i> mutation and in the zona glomerulosa adjacent to adenomas irrespective of genotype as well as in aldosterone-producing cell clusters.
The HNF-1α-mutated and inflammatory adenoma subgroups are more commonly seen in association with the OCP whereas there is an increased incidence of the β-catenin positive subtype with anabolic steroid use.
Remission was associated with older maternal age (P = 0.036), a lower prolactin level at diagnosis (P = 0.037), and a smaller adenoma at diagnosis (P = 0.045).
The correlation between the proliferation indices (Ki-67 and p53 expression levels) and invasiveness and size of pituitary adenomas was investigated in primary operated and recurrent adenomas.