Interleukin-3, interferon-gamma and butyrate caused a significant 2-fold increase (range 1.8-2.4; p<0.01) of the alpha- and beta-chain synthesis in congenital hemolytic anaemias.
Since cytokines are of crucial significance in this process, we decided to examine the role of stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), known for their stimulatory effects on in vitro hematopoiesis; and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), known for their inhibitory effect, in the anemia of GCA.