Ki-67/MIB-1 is the most widely used immumohistochemical marker to measure cell proliferation in recent years, and its high expression is significantly related to high malignancy and short survival cycle.
For malignant tumors, the association between ADC and major prognostic factors, including histological grade, nuclear grade and lymph node status, as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and proliferation marker protein Ki-67.(Ki-67) status, were evaluated.
Furthermore, we compared the MIB-1 labeling index of cancer cells in podoplanin (+) CAFs cases (n = 13) and podoplanin (-) CAFs cases (n = 14) using surgically resected adenocarcinoma specimens.
The cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 is widely used in cancer histopathology, but estimations of Ki-67 expression levels are inconsistent and understanding of its regulation is limited.
The results showed that Ki-67/MIB-1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.64-2.57) and cancer specific survival (HR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.66-2.44).
Correlation between the Uptake of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and the Expression of Proliferation-Associated Antigen Ki-67 in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis.
Moreover, the findings of positive parafibromin and APC immunoreactivity as well as a low MIB-1 proliferation index and absence of histopathological features of malignancy/atypical adenoma indicate that the parathyroid adenomas arising in these patients did not harbor malignant potential.
The presence and extent of histological necrosis were correlated with clinicopathological factors, Ki-67 antigen expression calculated by the MIB-1 (Ki-67 antibody) index, pVHL, HIF-1alpha, the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte subset and cancer specific survival.
Adenomas and normal adjacent tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the following antibodies: MIB-1 for proliferative activity, bcl-2 and mutant p53 for apoptosis control, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) for angiogenic activity, and galectin-3 as a marker for malignancy.
Due to the great spread of values between the various tumor grades, however, MIB-1 LI cannot be used as a diagnostic factor alone but should be used in combination with established criteria of histological malignancy.
Percentage of cells underexpressing PTEN, size, cellularity, MIB-1 immunoreactivity, and coagulative necrosis proved to be associated with malignancy by Cox proportional hazards univariate analysis; low or absent expression of PTEN was the only factor selected by multivariate analysis (P =.03).
In fact, despite features suggestive of a progression of the cancer (such as the increase of both tumour grading and proliferating capacity (MIB-1), and a fall in the reparative process (appearance of mutated p53, reduced expression of both bcl-2 and c-erb-2) being detected, neither local invasion nor metastatic lesions were clinically observed.
In addition, in situ hybridization of the telomerase-associated proteins (telomerase-associated protein 1, TEP1; human telomerase reverse transcriptase, TERT), and MIB-1 immunohistochemistry for proliferation activity were performed, using the malignant tumors of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant lymphoma, and somatic tissues of testis, endometrium, stomach, skin, and lymph nodes.
In this study, cell cycle analysis and, in particular, assessment of the MIB-1 nuclear proliferation marker was useful in the histologic evaluation of pheochromocytoma, as MIB-1 was expressed only in malignant tumors.
The proliferative index with Ki67 (MIB 1) was 10-50% in 14 of 25 malignant tumors (56%), and immunostaining for p53 was detected in 50% or more of tumor cells in 17 of 25 (68%); both of these factors were statistically significant with regard to the histologic classification as benign, atypical, or malignant.
However, expression of telomerase RNA was significantly increased in highly malignant tumors (P = 0.024) and in tumors that showed increased proliferation activity determined by MIB-1 immunohistochemistry (P = 0.014).