BMI >45 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, waist circumference, body fat % and family history of heart diseases, enhancing the risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular disease risk markers included blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and homocysteine levels, along with diagnosis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ankle-brachial index measurement.
Patients in the CVD event group had a high level of platelets (P < 0.01), C-reactive protein (P < 0.01), PLR (P < 0.01) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P < 0.01).
Here, we assessed whether low serum PON1 activity associates with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with high levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation.
Although these findings need to be confirmed in larger prospective cohorts, CRP may be useful in risk stratifying OSA patients to guide therapy or to identify patients that might be most appropriate for clinical trials of CVD prevention.
No significant differences for the IPF, D-dimer or CRP were found between subjects on antiretroviral therapy with documented cardiovascular disease and therapy-naïve subjects.
And decreased inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP) independent of age and sex and cannot be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
At the end of the 5-year follow- up, compared with subjects without MS, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the different risks in subjects with MS were 1.86 (1.02-3.29) for myocardial infarction (MI), 1.39 (1.01-2.05) for stroke, 1.52 (1.02- 2.37) for CVD death, and 1.13 (0.62-2.58) for total death, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, dietary factors and carotid atherosclerosis status.
A 10-year predicted probability of future CVD risk, the Reynolds Risk Score (RRS), was computed using age, systolic blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), total and HDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus status, smoking status, and family history of CVD.
After adjustment for lipid markers, age, and gender, vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased odds of CRP, eGFR, γGT, FPG, HbA1c, and the surrogate for CVD.
Using linear regression, and with adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and abdominal muscle area and density, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in total abdominal IMAT area was associated with a 21%, 36% and 20% higher IL-6, leptin, and CRP, respectively, and 19% lower adiponectin (p<0.001).
The catalase-linked immunosorbent pressure assay allows portable and quantitation analysis of CRP with a limit of detection of 1.8 nM, which can satisfy the clinical needs for determining the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Overall, men with sCD163, CCL2, IL-6, and CRP levels in the highest quintile had approximately 2 times the odds of carotid plaque relative to those with levels in the lowest quintile, independent of demographic and CVD risk factors.
This meta-analysis demonstrated the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on improving glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol and CRP levels among patients with CVD, though it did not affect triglycerides, total- and LDL-cholesterol levels.
For decades, CRP has been regarded only as a hallmark of inflammation; however, it has since been recognised as a significant predictor of future episodes of cardiovascular disease, independent of other risk factors.
In addition, BA lowers levels of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and apolipoprotein B. Statins are first-line agents for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
In multivariable-adjusted Cox analysis, male sex (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.20-2.33), age (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.26-1.65 per 10-year higher), the presence of diabetes (HR 2.45; 95% CI 1.82-3.29), history of cardiovascular disease (HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.38-2.46), cardiothoracic ratio (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.07-1.39 per 5% higher), serum C-reactive protein (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03-1.20 per 1-mg/dL higher), and serum phosphate (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03-1.30 per 1-mg/dL higher) were independent predictors of sudden death.
To investigate associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors, including fasting glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-peptide, creatinine kinase, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, C-reactive protein as well as homocysteine levels and cardiovascular events.
One year supplementation with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> at 4000 IU/day did not affect lipid profile, C-reactive protein and CVD risk in patients with stable type 2 diabetes not selected for vitamin D deficiency, with the exception of improvement of TG among patients not on cholesterol medication.