Independent associations exist between high plasma TNFR1 or IMA concentrations and increased 5.6-year risk of major LEAD in people with type 2 diabetes.
LADA versus classic adult-onset type 1 diabetes was independently related to sTNFRII (odds ratio [OR] 1.9 [95% CI 1.01-3.97]; <i>P</i> = 0.047) and hs-CRP levels (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.62-0.96]; <i>P</i> = 0.019), and a higher number of total leukocytes lowered the risk of LADA compared with type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97-0.99]; <i>P</i> = 0.036).
The involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related biomarkers [TNFα, progranulin (PGRN), TNF receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2)] and uric acid (UA) in renal function decline was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
This study suggests that the risk factors associated with the minor vs. major amputation including biomarkers such as TNFR1 should be considered differently in patients with T2D.
Lower rate of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -863A allele and higher concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes.