Thus, our data show that CD138 surface expression dynamically regulates a switch between growth vs. dissemination for myeloma, in response to nutrient conditions.
The strong EBV association together with other clinicopathological parameters and an immunohistochemical profile that includes CD45, CD20, MUM1/IRF4, CD138 and Ki67 may be used in distinguishing PBL from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and plasma cell myeloma.
We used single cell RNA-Seq to examine molecular heterogeneity in multiple myeloma (MM) in 597 CD138 positive cells from bone marrow aspirates of 15 patients at different stages of disease progression.
Multiple linear regression analysis showed that those MM patients with a higher concentration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in serum, higher positive rate of CD138 immuno-phenotype and advanced in stage with 13q34 deletion in cytogenetics would be more prone to bone destruction, while total bile acid (TBA) and kappa chain isotope negatively correlated with bone destruction in MM patients.
We investigated the CD138+ microparticles (MPs) of MM patients to find out whether MPs could provide a novel means to monitor the malignant cells in MM patients.
We show that extracellular histones bind to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan CD138 on the surface of MM cells to promote the creation of immune-tumor cell clusters bringing immune and MM cells into close proximity, and thus facilitating not only NK but also T lymphocyte anti-MM activity.
In this study, we used an anti-CD138 murine antibody (9E7.4) radiolabeled with copper-64 (<sup>64</sup>Cu) or zirconium-89 (<sup>89</sup>Zr) and compared them in a syngeneic mouse model to select the optimal tracers for MM PET imaging.
We found that XLOC_013703 was significantly decreased in CD138 positive plasma cells and serum of MM patients compared to normal controls, and the decreased XLOC_013703 expression was correlated with β2-MG, serum-free light chain (s-FLC) and revised international staging system.
In addition to the diagnostic implications due to its rarity, CD138-negative plasma cell myeloma may represent a unique entity, which is associated with 'stem cell'-like clonogenic properties, more aggressive clinical behaviour and resistance to chemotherapy.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), CD138, CS1 glycoprotein antigen (SLAMF7) and light chains are in active development for therapy of refractory /relapsed (RR) MM.
<sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled anti-CD138 antibody can detect subcutaneous MM tumors and bone marrow lesions with high sensitivity, outperforming <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET and <sup>64</sup>CuCl<sub>2</sub> in this preclinical model.
In this study, the effect of celastrol (CSL) on patient derived CD138+ MM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell invasion, and migration was investigated.
In the present study, we attempted to identify a new factor indicating poor prognosis in CD138+ myeloma cells using accumulated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets from studies of MM and to assess the relationship between gene expression and survival using MAQC-II Project Myeloma (GSE24080).
As the CD138+ MM cell is chemosensitive, targeting MIF-1 and/or the pathways that it regulates could be a viable way to modulate stemness and chemosensitivity, which could in turn transform the treatment of MM.