We therefore determined (i) whether heavy alcohol consumption (35% caloric intake) influences bone in sexually mature ovx rats with established cancellous osteopenia and (ii) whether ICI 182,780 (ICI), a potent estrogen receptor signaling antagonist, alters the skeletal response to alcohol.
In multivariable analysis, only higher body mass index (OR 0.6 per 5kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI: 0.4-0.7) and nonwhite race compared to white (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) were protective for bone loss while older age (OR 1.5 per 10years, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1) and selective estrogen receptor modulator use (3.1, 95% CI: 1.2-10.1) were associated with increased odds of bone loss.
Previous studies have revealed that ICA exerted a protective effect against bone loss and increased bone regeneration; however, the association between ICA and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling remains unclear.
Accordingly, the rate of bone loss is accelerated in ovariectomized, estrogen-deficient gal-8 Tg mice, whereas gal-8 KO mice, having low levels of ESR1, are refractory to ovariectomy.
Thus, Mongolian echinops reduced bone loss and delayed the occurrence and development of osteoporosis, and increased ERα, ERβ, p-AKT, and P-ERK in BMSCs.
Polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 (aromatase) gene influence disease-free survival and bone loss in patients taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers.
Osteoclast-specific HIF1α inactivation antagonized bone loss in Ovx mice and osteoclast-specific estrogen receptor alpha deficient mice, both models of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis.
These results indicate that the PvuII and the XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 gene are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women with GD and may help to estimate the risk of bone loss particularly at lumbar spine.
Estrogen receptor alpha CA dinucleotide repeat polymorphism is associated with rate of bone loss in perimenopausal women and bone mineral density and risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.
There was a significant association between a common haplotype "px", defined by the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms within intron 1 of the ESR1 gene, and femoral neck bone loss in postmenopausal women who had not received hormone replacement therapy (n = 945; p = 0.009).
The genes coding for estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and androgen receptors (AR) are potential candidates for the regulation of bone mass and turnover, which may contribute to both the achievement of peak bone mass and bone loss after completion of growth.
However, the ER-alpha (but not ER-beta) genotypes did modulate the previously described relationships between BMD or rates of bone loss and bioavailable estradiol (E(2)) levels in these men.
We have previously reported that PvuII polymorphism of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) gene is associated with bone loss rate, fracture risk, and response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in early postmenopausal Finnish women.
Thus, a male carrying homozygous mutations in the ER-alpha gene and two males with homozygous mutations in the aromatase gene had osteopenia, unfused epiphyses, and elevated indices of bone turnover.
Estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER) play a central role in bone metabolism as illustrated by the loss of bone mass after menopause and the osteopenia in individuals with defect aromatase or ER.
We conclude that subjects with the ER PvuII genotypes PP and Pp may have a greater risk of relatively fast bone loss after menopause than those with the pp genotype and that they may preferentially derive benefit from HRT.
In conclusion, we could not demonstrate any major effect of the ER gene polymorphisms on BMD or rate of bone loss in healthy postmenopausal Danish women.