Computational approaches examined molecular level interactions of both drugs with the SLC transporters [organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) and multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion proteins (MATE1)] and amisulpride with the ABC transporter (P-glycoprotein).
In <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, SGP-derived Hedgehog (Hh), which serves as a guidance cue for the PGCs, is potentiated by mesodermally restricted HMGCoA-reductase (Hmgcr) and the ABC transporterMulti-drug-resistant-49 (Mdr49).
Although the drug transporters ABCG2, ABCB1 and ABCC1 have been majorly implicated in cancer drug resistance, recent studies have associated ABCC3 with multi drug resistance and poor clinical response.
The present study demonstrated that primary human osteosarcoma samples contained a SP of about 3.9% which overexpressed ABC transporters, including ABCA1, ABCB1, ABCB2 and ABCG2, which are associated with drug resistance and may have contributed to multi‑drug resistance of SP cells.
Furthermore, these SP cells exhibited increased mRNA expression of ABCG2 and anti-apoptotic factor Bmi-1, which contribute to multi-drug resistance and increased cell survival rate.
Here we report the first patient with a mutation of the putative histidine-loop of a human ABC transporter, the multi drug resistance protein 3 (MDR3).
In addition, we measured the mRNA expression of multi drug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1), multi drug resistance related protein 1 (MRP-1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) by real-time PCR analysis after treatment with AN-215.