Liquiritin apioside (LA), a main flavonoid component of licorice, reportedly suppresses cough responses to inhalation of aerosolized capsaicin [CAP; a stimulant to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)] in conscious guinea pigs via acting on peripheral nerves.
The AITC cough challenge and the widely used capsaicin (a selective TRPV1 agonist) cough challenge were performed with 250 patients with chronic refractory cough and 56 healthy subjects.
Cough sensitivity to capsaicin in bleomycin-treated animals was significantly increased on days 13 and 27. qPCR showed that expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 was positively correlated each other and significantly upregulated in lung tissues of model group compared with that of controls, which was further supported by immunohistochemistry.
This study demonstrated that ACE I/D but not BDKRB2-58T/C polymorphism could be a predictor for the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough, especially in east Asians and the aged.
Given the knowledge that some adverse drug reactions, such as torsade de pointes and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough, occur more frequently in women, we emphasize the need to test medications thoroughly in both sexes and explore sexual dimorphisms.
We therefore evaluated the hypothesis that S1P induces cough and/or enhances the cough evoked by other tussive stimuli (TRPA1 and TRPV1 activators) in naïve guinea pigs.
Association of cough hypersensitivity with tracheal TRPV1 activation and neurogenic inflammation in a novel guinea pig model of citric acid-induced chronic cough.
The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and the possible mechanism of SB705498, a TRPV1 antagonist, for cough in a capsaicin-induced cough animal model (i.e. guinea pigs).
Most clinical ACE inhibitor(s) (ACEi) have been shown to inhibit both domains nonselectively, resulting in adverse effects such as cough and angioedema.
The reporting of cough with ACE inhibitors was increased with age until reaching a plateau at middle adulthood (40-59 years) and the reporting of angioedema with ACE inhibitors was increased with age until elderly (60-79 years).
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanniloid-1 channel (TRPV-1) has a role in the cough reflex and airway expression is increased in patients with chronic cough.
However, previously, a TRPV1 antagonist (SB-705498) failed to improve spontaneous cough frequency in these patients, despite small reductions in capsaicin-evoked cough.
Data on patients with angioedema or cough induced by ACE inhibitors were collected from the Swedish database of spontaneously reported ADRs or from collaborating clinicians.
rs4340 polymorphism at intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) gene was reported to repress cough reflex by reducing bradykinin and substance P levels, thus increasing the likelihood to develop pneumonia.
Clinical observations suggest that incidence of cough in Chinese taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is much higher than other racial groups.
Inhalation of capsaicin, the extract of hot chili peppers, induces coughing in both animals and human subjects through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) on airway sensory nerves.
ABO genetic polymorphisms have recently been associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and inflammation, which play a critical role in the pathogenic mechanism of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.