Regulation of aromatase P450 expression in endometriotic and endometrial stromal cells by CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs): decreased C/EBPbeta in endometriosis is associated with overexpression of aromatase.
Defective CpG methylation affecting several genes that encode key transcription factors such as GATA6, steroidogenic factor-1, and estrogen receptor-β in endometriosis gives rise to overproduction of local estrogen and prostaglandins and suppression of progesterone receptor.
Management of recurrent implantation failure by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and aromatase inhibitor suppression, in women without evidence of endometriosis.
The results point to the higher (2.45-fold) difference in aromatase expression in patients with endometriosis stage III-IV compared to controls and provide direct evidence that screening for eutopic endometrial aromatase expression in combination with clinical data could be of discriminative value in the prediction of estrogen-dependent diseases, independent from body mass index.
Exposure with anti-IL-10 receptor β neutralizing antibody (αhIL-10Rβ) or αTGF-β could partly reverse these effects of ESCs and macrophages on NK cells <i>in vitro</i> These results suggest that the interaction between macrophages and ESCs downregulates cytotoxicity of NK cells possibly by stimulating the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β, and may further trigger the immune escape of ectopic fragments and promote the occurrence and the development of EMS.
An immunohistochemistry study demonstrated that the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were positive in the endometriosis part but negative in the cancer part, while the human EGF receptor (HER) 2 was negative or very weak in the benign part and positive in the malignant part in all three cases.
Results of this study suggest that non-synonymous polymorphisms of FSHR, HSD17B3 and CYP19 genes may modulate the risk of endometriosis in Taiwanese Chinese women.
Among the novel potential candidate drugs, aromatase inhibitors and raloxifene should be considered for treatment of postmenopausal women with endometriosis.
Androstenedione up-regulation of endometrial aromatase expression via local conversion to estrogen: potential relevance to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
The results suggest that the 3 bp I/D polymorphism of the CYP19 gene may be weakly associated with the susceptibility of endometriosis in a Japanese population.
Progesterone receptor (PR) modulators are used in contraception and post-menopausal hormone therapy, and are under clinical development for reproductive disorders such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis.
The presence of aromatase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estradiol, has been demonstrated in eutopic endometrial samples of women with moderate to severe endometriosis, but not in those of disease-free women.
Endometriosis implants are characterized by unbalanced local oestrogen metabolism leading to hyperoestrogenism and aromatase up-regulation is one of main mechanism involved.
The estradiol concentration of the conditioned media and P450 aromatase mRNA expression in the endometriosis group were statistically significantly lower than that of the control group, irrespective of letrozole concentrations.
Interleukin-10 attenuates TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 synthesis via NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways in endometriotic cells.. Interleukin-10 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
COX-2 mRNA level in unmethylated endometrium of the endometriosis group or the control group was 2.39-fold and 2.66-fold, respectively, higher than that in the methylated endometrium of the same group (P < 0.01).
The amount of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in E-MenSCs co-cultured with allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was shown to be higher both at the gene and protein levels, and higher IDO1 activity was detected in the endometriosis group.