Our studies show that IL-25, administrated experimentally or generated in response to helminth infection, triggers local proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC2s that are the precursors to inflammatory ILC2 (iILC2) cells.
The intestinal response to helminth infection is mediated by a recently established type 2 immune circuit that consists of intestinal tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s).Schneider et al. have discovered that tuft cells sense succinate fermented by Tritrichomonas via GPR91 to drive the IL-25-ILC2-IL-13-dependent immune circuit and intestinal remodeling.