The lack of potent, specific modulators of TRPV5 has limited the ability to probe the contribution of TRPV5 in disease phenotypes such as hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis.
This review provides an outline of the current knowledge regarding genetics of nephrolithiasis and will mainly focus on the epithelial Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), an important player in Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis.
In summary, despite the complexity of nephrolithiasis and the potential association of numerous calcium homeostatic absorption/reabsorption factors, TRPV5 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis.