The authors evaluated changes in serum prolactin levels as a measure of differences in response to ethanol between 30 healthy, drinking, young adult sons of alcoholics and 30 matched control subjects with no family history of psychiatric or substance abuse problems.
The findings supported a model of LSD psychosis as a drug-induced schizophreniform reaction in persons vulnerable to both substance abuse and psychosis.
A significant correlation between the presence/absence of the disorder and the length of the MAOCA-1 repeat was found in males, but not females, with "long" alleles (repeat length above 115 bp) associated with both increased risk for the disorder and lower age of onset of substance abuse.
The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers TaqIA1 and B1 at the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene locus in Caucasians are associated with substance abuse behaviors.
Our work suggests an association of polymorphisms of the DRD2 gene and a biological marker previously indicated to have predictive value in vulnerability to substance abuse.
If further studies continue to support the results currently at hand, they would indicate that the DRD2 gene is the most prominent single gene determinant of susceptibility to severe substance abuse.
Several investigators have speculated that variations in beta-endorphin secretory regulation may precede the development of a substance use disorder, and thus be a component of the liability for substance abuse.
Several lines of evidence suggest that presence of a D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene variant marked by TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) might contribute to vulnerability to substance abuse.
Allelic variants at the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) locus are candidates to contribute to genetic components of interindividual differences in vulnerability to substance abuse.
Substance abuse is associated with novelty seeking, a heritable human personality trait which may be influenced by alleles of the dopamine D4 (DRD4) gene exon III VNTR.
We propose that homozygosity for the Bal I polymorphism DRD3 gene is associated with predisposition to substance abuse and/or the pharmacosensitive characteristic of schizophrenia rather than with schizophrenia itself, an hypothesis in agreement with the positive association of this polymorphism with opiate dependence (see companion article by Duaux et al) and the involvement of DRD3 in both pharmacodependence mechanisms and antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics.
We propose that homozygosity for the Bal I polymorphism DRD3 gene is associated with predisposition to substance abuse and/or the pharmacosensitive characteristic of schizophrenia rather than with schizophrenia itself, an hypothesis in agreement with the positive association of this polymorphism with opiate dependence (see companion article by Duaux et al) and the involvement of DRD3 in both pharmacodependence mechanisms and antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics.
Prior studies have reported an association between the presence of the 7 repeat allele of the 48 bp repeat polymorphism of the third cytoplasmic loop of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and novelty seeking behaviors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome (TS), pathological gambling, and substance abuse.
Given the clinical association of aggression, suicide, alcoholism, and substance abuse, we studied relationship of psychopathology to the human 5-HT1B receptor gene (N = 178) and postmortem human 5-HT1B receptor binding (N = 96) in the brain.
To test the potential contribution of genetic variations in hormone receptors we have examined the association between the alleles of the dinucleotide repeat of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and the nine subscores and total score of the SCL-90 in a group of 179 adult males treated for substance abuse.
To test the potential contribution of genetic variations in hormone receptors we have examined the association between the alleles of the dinucleotide repeat of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and the nine subscores and total score of the SCL-90 in a group of 179 adult males treated for substance abuse.
To test the potential contribution of genetic variations in hormone receptors we have examined the association between the alleles of the dinucleotide repeat of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and the nine subscores and total score of the SCL-90 in a group of 179 adult males treated for substance abuse.
To test the potential contribution of genetic variations in hormone receptors we have examined the association between the alleles of the dinucleotide repeat of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and the nine subscores and total score of the SCL-90 in a group of 179 adult males treated for substance abuse.
Some series of investigations hold promise that a trait marker for a particular subset of alcoholics may be developed, e.g. severe alcoholism and the dopamine D2 receptor gene; the level of reaction to alcoholism in family history-positive alcoholics; beta-endorphin abnormalities in specific family groups of alcoholics; reduced P3 wave event-related potentials as markers and predictors of development of substance abuse in predisposed youths; reduced growth hormone response to apomorphine as a predictor of relapse to alcoholism in early abstinence; abnormal adenylyl cyclase activity in certain defined subgroups of alcoholics; and abnormal platelet monoamine oxidase levels in subjects with a behavioural predisposition to addictive disorders.