NKCC1 plays an essential role in myogenesis and exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and sarcopenia in patients with renal or heart failure may be attributable to treatment with loop diuretics.
Myostatin antagonists, leucine supplementation, and mitochondrial protective agents are currently in various stages of evaluation in preclinical studies to prevent and reverse sarcopenia, in cirrhosis in general, and ALD, specifically.
Nrf2 deficiency exacerbated frailty and sarcopenia during aging, at least partially by impairing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in an age-dependent manner.
Alpha-fetoprotein level >100 mg/dL (OR, 6.577; 95% CI: 1.370-51.464; P = 0.034) and gender (male) (OR, 5.878; 95% CI: 1.987-20.054; P = 0.002) were independently associated with the presence of sarcopenia in this cohort.
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family and plays a role in various disorders such as cancer and inflammatory diseases, which are often accompanied by skeletal muscle atrophy, or sarcopenia.
IL-4 has dual potential to act as an adjuvant therapeutic target for sarcopenia to preserve muscle mass and insulin resistance to improve insulin sensitivity, which implicates the regulation of immune system to the muscle differentiation and exercise performance.
EPO can improve the muscle strength of female patients with sarcopenia during the perioperative period, and increase muscle mass both of women and men.
Activation of FOXO1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass in humans, which leads to obesity and diabetes.
Additionally, body mass index, circumferences (biceps, waist, hip, and calf), albumin levels, and the score on a five-question scale for sarcopenia will be obtained during the study.
Additionally, mice carrying monoallelic BubR1 mutations were prone to select MVA-related pathologies later in life, with predisposition to sarcopenia correlating with mTORC1 hyperactivity.
Administration of Dickkopf-related protein 1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and anti-(P)RR neutralizing antibody, which inhibits binding of (P)RR to the Wnt receptor, significantly improved sarcopenia in (P)RR-Tg mice.
Administration of Dickkopf-related protein 1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and anti-(P)RR neutralizing antibody, which inhibits binding of (P)RR to the Wnt receptor, significantly improved sarcopenia in (P)RR-Tg mice.