Five enrollment strategies were assessed: 1) Enroll based on no LTBI diagnostic test, 2) Enroll based on a positive tuberculin skin test (TST), 3) Enroll based on a positive interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), 4) Enroll based on either a positive TST or IGRA, 5) Enroll regardless of test result, assuming 70% had negative TSTs, 20% positive TSTs, and 10% unknown results.
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and the number of active TB cases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-TNF agents.
Of these, 37 (32%) presented LTBI - tuberculin skin test was positive in 18 (49%) patients; interferon gamma release test was positive in 14 (38%) patients and undetermined in seven (19%); and there was a history of exposure in 12 (32%) patients.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-Induced Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gene Expression Signature in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Dominated by Pleiotropic Effects of CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Production despite the Presence of Polyfunctional T Cells within the Airways.
Re-activation of latent tuberculosis infection and the overall risk of opportunistic infections should be considered before beginning a course of TNF-α inhibitors.
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a UK cohort study which enrolled participants at risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI, defined as a positive result for either of the two interferon gamma release assays).
Good Agreement between an Interferon Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Tests in Testing for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Indonesia.
We showed that HIV infection significantly reduced the proportion of Th2 (interleukin 4 [IL-4]/IL-5/IL-13) producing <i>M. tuberculosis</i>-specific CD4 T cells and IL-2-producing <i>M. tuberculosis</i>-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in individuals with LTBI or PTB (<i>P < </i>0.05).
A strategy is described for continuous monitoring of multiple latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) biomarkers, specifically of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2).
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests used to measure the amount of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released by T lymphocytes after stimulation by antigens specific for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection.
Current guidelines recommend screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with a tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), or both.
To evaluate, in an endemic country, the long-term efficacy of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and primary prophylaxis in patients with JIA receiving TNF blockers.
The sensitivity and specificity of the 5-marker biosignature (IP-10, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-10, and TNF-α) in diagnosing LTBI were 94% and 81.25%, respectively.
The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma-release-assays (IGRAs) are utilized in screening programmes for presumed latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in health care workers (HCWs).
In addition, mycobacterial antigen-stimulated responses with IL-1ra, IL-10 and TNF-α were higher in participants with active TB compared those with LTBI, reaching statistical significance with PPD stimulation, although there was a degree of overlap between the two groups.
Finally, after anthelmintic treatment, the baseline levels of CCL1, CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, and CXCL11 and mycobacterial Ag-stimulated levels of CCL1, CCL2, CCL11, CXCL2, and CXCL10 were significantly increased in <i>S. stercoralis</i><sup>+</sup>LTB<sup>+</sup> individuals.Thus, our data demonstrate that <i>S. stercoralis</i><sup>+</sup>LTB<sup>+</sup> individuals are associated with a compromised ability to express both CC and CXC chemokines and that this defect is at least partially reversible upon treatment.
Diagnosis of LTBI relies on presence of immune-reactivity to TB antigen and commonly used tests include tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).