The combined PON1 55/192 and MMP-3 5A/6A genetic variants are associated with CAD; PON1 seems to be connected with the number of diseased vessels, and hypertension and hyperlipidemia are related with PON1 192 and MMP-3 in CAD patients.
Three polymorphisms in the PON1 (Leu55Met and Gln192Arg) and PON2 (Ser311Cys) genes have been shown to be associated with the risk of CAD in several European or European-derived populations.
Only PON1L55M (MM) genotype frequency was significantly higher in CAD patients than in controls (P<0.05), while its frequency was similar between the two subgroups according to CAD severity.
In the light of recent findings, we believe that genetic epidemiological studies of the paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms in relation to coronary heart disease should no longer be undertaken unless they are very large and prospective in nature.
The association of the PON1Q192R polymorphism with coronary heart disease: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health cohort study and a meta-analysis.
The activity of PON1 is decreased in patients with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction or chronic kidney disease. rs662 and rs854560 are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PON1 activity and 10-year cardiovascular mortality of patients with stable coronary artery disease.
The present study revealed an association between carrier state of Q allele of PON1 gene and coronary artery disease as well as synergistic effects between genotype and some conventional risk factors, mainly smoking and elevated level of total cholesterol.
This study analyzed the association between the frequencies of genotypes of the L55 M and Q192 R SNPs in the PON1 gene with the PON1 activity and with CAD risk factors.
The lower serum PON1 activity, irrespective of genotypes and haplotypes is a risk factor for development of CAD in North-West Indian Punjabis with type 2 diabetics.
Ex vivo, the PON1 polymorphisms are important in determining the capacity of HDL to protect LDL against oxidative modification in vitro and this may explain the relationship between the PON1 alleles and coronary heart disease in case-control studies.
Using conditional logistic regression, quartiles of PON1-activity showed a modest inverse relation with CAD risk (OR for the highest versus the lowest quartile 0.77[0.63-0.95], p = 0.01; p-trend = 0.06).
As studies are lacking in North-West Indian Punjabi's, a distinct ethnic group with high incidence of CAD, we determined PON1 activity, genotypes and haplotypes in this population and correlated them with the risk of CAD.
The frequency of the R allele of PON1, which has been related to the risk of coronary heart disease, was significantly higher in Belfast (0.33) than in Toulouse (0.24; chi2 = 7.229, P = 0.0072).
We analyzed two common polymorphisms in PON1 (i.e., M/L55 and R/Q 192 mutations) and PON2 (i.e., G/A148 and C/S311 mutations) in 352 high-risk patients with angiographically defined CAD.