LFA-1(-/-) mice had increased incidence of otitis media and meningitis/encephalitis vs WT at 72 and 96 h. Both Mac-1 and LFA-1 play important but distinct roles in host defense to S. pneumoniae.
LFA-1(-/-) mice had increased incidence of otitis media and meningitis/encephalitis vs WT at 72 and 96 h. Both Mac-1 and LFA-1 play important but distinct roles in host defense to S. pneumoniae.
TLR2, -4, -5 and -9 mRNA expression was upregulated in neutrophils that infiltrated the middle ear cavity during AOM caused by both pili-positive and pili-negative bacteria.
CAPE was given intraperitoneally to group III (CAPE + otitis model; n = 12 otitis model ears) at a concentration of 10 mg/kg for treatment of otitis media.
MBL polymorphisms were associated with an increased and TLR7 polymorphisms with a decreased risk of rhinovirus-associated acute otitis media (P = 0.03 and P = 0.006, respectively).
MBL polymorphisms were associated with an increased and TLR7 polymorphisms with a decreased risk of rhinovirus-associated acute otitis media (P = 0.03 and P = 0.006, respectively).
Caspase-9 activity increased in cells stimulated for 4 h, as well as caspase-3/7 activity in cells stimulated for 24 h. The decreased cell viability, the induction of inflammation and mucin gene expression, and the activation of the apoptosis pathway together indicate a link between environmental FA exposure and the development of otitis media.
TSP-1<sup>-/-</sup> AOM-treated mice had a reduced rate of neurologic decline, less cerebral edema, and a decrease in microglia activation in comparison with C57Bl/6 mice treated with AOM.