Dystrophin protein 71 (Dp71) is the major DMD gene product expressed in the brain and mutations affecting its expression are associated with the DMD neuropsychiatric syndrome.
In fact, of 22 items assessed by the SCAT5, arguably only five of the items do not overlap with symptoms assessed by standard measures of anxiety and depression, suggesting that concussion is best viewed as a neuropsychiatric syndrome.
Neuropsychiatric syndrome relevance was restricted to individuals with compromised blood-brain barrier, for example, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carrier status, both clinically and experimentally.
Acute porphyrias are characterized by a neuropsychiatric syndrome with intermittent induction of hepatic ALAS1 (δ-aminolaevulinate synthase 1), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the haem pathway.