Little genetic research has been carried out in food allergy, with FLG, HLA and IL13 being the most reproducible genes for an association with food allergy.
Filaggrin and the proportion of ω-hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramide content in nonlesional skin of children with AD <i>FA</i>+ were substantially lower than in AD <i>FA</i>- and NA skin.
The gene expression levels of IL-4 and mast cell protease I (mMCP-1) were significantly upregulated in the proximal colon of FA mice but were reduced by puerarin.
In conclusion, administration of VIP can alleviate FA response through up regulating expression of TSP1 to stabilize IL-10 expression in FA Br cells and recover the immune regulatory functions.
IgE-mediated FA was induced in BALB/c mice by oral gavage with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) plus egg white (EW) and was characterized by increased numbers of lamina propria T<sub>H</sub>2 cells, mast cells, and eosinophils, shock (hypothermia), mast cell degranulation (increased serum mouse mast cell protease 1), increased serum IgG<sub>1</sub> anti-EW and IgE levels, and increased IL-4 and IL-13 secretion after MCT/EW challenge.
Previously, we found that naïve cord blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells differentiated toward an IL-4-expressing phenotype when activated in the presence of TGF-β and monocyte-derived inflammatory cytokines, the latter are more highly secreted by infants who developed food allergy.
Taken together, our findings suggest that PAG suppressed Th2 immune responses through, at least partially, stimulating the secretion of IL-10 in food allergy mice.
The mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse colons were significantly decreased in hUC-MSCs-treated animals compared with mice with OVA-induced food allergy.
EJT effectively prevented FA symptoms.Although OVA-specific IgE levels and the intestinal mast cell numbers were not different between the EJT-treated and untreated FA mice, plasma mMcpt1 and IL-4 levels were lower in EJT-treated FA mice than untreated FA mice.
On days 7-10, in EW-fed D10 and RD10 mice, splenic CD4+ T cells produced significantly more IL-4 than did those in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs); this is in contrast to the excessive IL-4 response in the MLNs of EW-fed OVA23-3 and R23-3 mice.
Path analysis showed that there was no direct effect of FLG-LOF mutations on FA at any age; however, an indirect effect was found on FA at all ages through eczema and FAS in the earlier years.
In fact, the exposure to environmental factors during early childhood may induce a long-lasting altered genetic state adapting to a persistent "Th2 state" thus influencing the development of asthma or atopic dermatitis and food allergy if alterations involve the filaggrin gene.
To review recent developments on the inter-relationship between food allergy and atopic eczema, with a particular focus on understanding the role of filaggrin gene defects.