The risk factors for familial aggregation of liver cancer in Guangxi were determined, from high to low, to be: drinking sugared beverages > alcohol consumption > HBV DNA-positive > rs1800469 TT homozygous genotype > rs2241715 TT homozygous genotype.
The results suggested that TGF-β1 rs1800469 TT and rs2241715 TT homozygote genotypes represent the genetic factors underlying familial clustering of liver cancer in Guangxi, and that drinking water use, alcohol consumption, and testing positive for HBV DNA are the main environmental factors contributing to familial aggregation of liver cancer in Guangxi.
In conclusion, the presence of the TGF-beta1 -509C > T promoter or of the L10P polymorphism, and the combination of both [-509C > T; L10P] as a haplotype were strongly associated with a reduced risk of HCC in patients with chronic HBV infection.