Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) supposedly affect their functions: GSTO1*C419A (rs4925) causing alanine to aspartate substitution (*A140D) and GSTO2*A424G (rs156697) causing asparagine to aspartate substitution (*N142D), and have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.
Recently, our genetic and molecular studies using the <i>Drosophila</i> system have suggested that GstO1 has a protective function against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, and GstO2 is required for the activation of mitochondrial ATP synthase in the <i>Drosophila</i> neurodegenerative disease model.