Lafora's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by recessive loss-of-function mutations in the <i>EPM2A</i> (laforin glycogen phosphatase) or <i>EPM2B</i> (malin E3 ubiquitin ligase) genes.
Laforin phosphatase and malin E3 ubiquitin ligase, the two proteins defective in Lafora neurodegenerative disorder, are involved in cellular stress response pathways and are required for the activation of heat shock transcription factor - the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) - and, consequently, for cellular protection under heat shock.
Parkin is an E3-ubiquitin ligase belonging to the RBR (RING-InBetweenRING-RING family), and is involved in the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease.