The initial characterization of tumor-suppressing kinases- in particular members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, MKK4 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family, and DAPK3 of the death-associated protein kinase family- laid the foundation for bioinformatic approaches that enable the identification of other tumor-suppressing kinases.
Women treated with minimally invasive surgery were more often white, privately insured, and from ZIP Codes with higher socioeconomic status, had smaller, lower-grade tumors, and were more likely to have received a diagnosis later in the study period than women who underwent open surgery.
Our results suggest that DAPK3 is a tumor suppressor in which loss-of-function mutations promote increased cell survival, proliferation, cellular aggregation, and increased resistance to chemotherapy.
Furthermore, higher dlk protein expression in the tumor endothelium than in the endothelium of normal adrenal gland implies that dlk may regulate the endothelial function in neuroblastic tumors.