Nonclassical monocytes (CD14+, CD16++), interleukin (IL)-1β production, and expression of CD40 and CD86 were lower among ART-treated HIV-infected adults relative to age-matched HIV-negative adults (P = .01, P = .01, and P = .02, respectively).
While the fraction of mature (CD57<sup>pos</sup>) NK cells expressing CD2 (<i>p</i> = 0.009) or co-expressing CD2 and CD16 (p = 0.03) was significantly higher in NKG2C<sup>null</sup> HIV-infected individuals, there were no significant differences in NKG2A, FcεRIγ, or PLZF expression.
CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes and soluble CD163 were significantly and negatively correlated with several plasma-treated, cord blood ECFC proliferative capacity parameters in the combined HIV-positive groups but not in the uninfected group.
Recently, we found that some parenchymal microglia in brain of HIV<sup>+</sup> subjects without encephalitis (HIV/noE) but with varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment express CD16 and CD163, even in the absence of detectable virus production.
We demonstrate that both IL-7 and IL-15 augment natural killer (NK) function by using cells (CD3(-) CD16(+) CD56(+)) from both HIV-positive and -negative donors.
Supernatants derived from cultures of CD16 cross-linked NK cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-15 dramatically inhibited entry of a MT-2-negative strain of HIV, BaL, in the CD4(+)CCR5(+) PM-1 T cell line.