A significant heterogeneity (P = 0.005) was detected across cancer grades when estimating the association between prostate cancer and long-term (≥2 years) 5-ARI use vs no 5-ARI exposure: adjusted conditional odds ratio 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-3.21) for Gleason score ≥8 and 0.64 (95% CI 0.44-0.93) for Gleason score < 8.
Cancer progressions at the time of definitive treatment were analyzed according to the following criteria: (a) progression of Gleason score or increase in cancer volume on biopsy, (b) first biopsy positive for cancer after being treated for urinary symptoms with a 5-ARI, and (c) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression with or without a previous cancer diagnosis.
Updated data have shown no increased risk of death from the diagnosis of higher risk cancer; however, 5-ARIs remain controversial and not approved for prostate cancer prevention.
Our results establish a direct correlation between reexpression of silenced ISGs by epigenetic control and ARI anticancer activity and provide new knowledge for the development of innovative combined therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.<i>Cancer </i>.