We found recurrent somatic missense mutations in 22 genes (including PIK3CA, ERBB2, and GNAS) and a widespread APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern (TCW motif) in both adenocarcinoma (ACC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).
To evaluate its diagnostic efficacy, we performed BCL10 immunohistochemistry and evaluated molecular markers correlated to pancreatic tumor lineages (neuroendocrine markers and a mutation analysis of KRAS and GNAS) using samples from 126 pancreatic tumors (17 ACCs, 24 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 4 adenosquamous carcinomas, 9 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 10 mucinous cystic neoplasms, 44 neuroendocrine tumors, 9 serous cystic tumors and 10 solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms).