Inspired by its natural substrate, an array of artificial sphingolipid derivatives has been developed to target this specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in an attempt to suppress autoimmune disorders.
β-Arrestins (β-arrs) are regulators and mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling, and accumulating evidence suggests that they are functionally involved in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P₁), an abundantly-expressed G protein-coupled receptor which regulates key vascular and immune responses, is a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.