Standard multimodal analgesia (routine paracetamol and tramadol PCA in addition to diclophenac sodium as rescue analgesia) was performed in Group C while TFPB block was also performed in the intervention (TFPB) group.
The total morphine consumption, the time of first analgesic demand, numbers of PCAanalgesia, Visual Analog Scale, and postoperative adverse effects were collected.
We included clinical studies in which (a) opioids were used to treat acute or chronic pain, (b) the response to opioids was broken down for men and women, and (c) the response to opioids was reported as (i) difference between baseline and final Visual Analog Scale of Pain Intensity (VASPI) score 30 min after opioid administration (Delta-VASPI at 30'), or daily dose of opioids (ii) self-administered by patients (patient-controlled analgesiaPCA), or (iii) administered by physicians.
Total PCA morphine was significantly decreased in group M + K compared with groups M and K. Time to first request of analgesia was prolonged in groups M and M + K compared with group K (P < 0.001).
Eighty-six patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy randomly received either patient-controlled epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl (Epi PCA group) or patient-controlled IV analgesia with fentanyl (IV PCA group), beginning immediately before incision and continuing for 48 h thereafter.