This study aimed to determine whether pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12), and placenta protein 13 (PP13) in the first trimester, and uterine artery Doppler (UAD) in the second trimester, predict preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR).
The aim of the present study was to determine a predictive model for early-onset preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction (FGR) to be used at 11<sup>+0</sup> to 13<sup>+6</sup> gestational weeks, by combining the maternal serum level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PLGF), placental protein 13 (PP13), soluble endoglin (sEng), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and uterine artery Doppler.
There are significant gender-specific expression patterns for single prototype galectins with downregulation of gal-2 and gal-13 of male gender placentas in cases of IUGR.
In the 1st trimester, lower than normal PP-13 levels were found in fetal growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia (PE), and particularly in early PE (<34 weeks of gestation).