Groups were divided as follows: normal coronary artery (control group), nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (<50% stenosis in all coronary vessels, NOCA group), stable angina (SAP group), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS group).
The patients were divided in 4 groups: patients without coronary artery disease (control group), patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP group), patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS group), and patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction group (STEMI group).
The study population included 40 patients with acute STEMI [acute myocardial infarction (AMI)+PCI: 20 underwent primary PCI; AMI: 20 without PCI] and 40 patients with symptomatic stable angina pectoris (SAP+PCI: 20 underwent PCI; SAP: 20 without PCI). sFKN were measured at different time points by ELIZA.
We measured baseline sEPCR levels in 1673 individuals with CAD (521 with acute coronary syndrome [ACS] and 1152 with stable angina pectoris [SAP]) from the AtheroGene cohort.
To investigate the expression of ubiquitin in monocytes and lymphocytes isolated from patients at different stages of CAD, 120 patients with CAD (40 with acute myocardial infarction [AMI], 40 with unstable angina pectoris [UAP] and 40 with stable angina pectoris [SAP]) were selected; 40 patients with normal coronary arteries served as controls.