Therefore, over the past decade, studies on IRS proteins and their functions in cancer has been increased and these studies provided valuable results claiming the involvement of IRS1/2 in cancer development.
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer by differentially regulating cancer cell survival, proliferation, and motility.
Comparison of the average values of the reaction intensities (IRS scale) showed a significant difference in UGT8 expression between (1) primary and metastatic tumours (Mann-Whitney U, P<0.05), (2) tumours of malignancy grades G3 and G2 (Mann-Whitney U, P<0.01) as well as G3 and G1 (Mann-Whitney U, P<0.001) and (3) node-positive and node-negative tumours (Mann-Whitney U, P<0.001).
Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) belongs to the IRS family of adaptor proteins that function as signaling intermediates for growth factor, cytokine, and integrin receptors, many of which have been implicated in cancer.