CTRP9 markedly ameliorated macrophage infiltration and attenuated the inflammatory responses by downregulating interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, and upregulating interleukin-10, in 3 days post-MI; depressed left atrial fibrosis by decreasing the expressions of collagen types I and III, α-SMA, and transforming growth factor β1 in 7 days post-MI possibly through depressing the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB and Smad2/3 signaling pathways.
Taken together, we demonstrated that CTRP9 improved post-MI early cardiac function, at least in part, by modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization, largely via the TLR4/MD2/MyD88 and AMPK-NF-κB pathways.