ELISA demonstrated the following: The serum concentration of PSA was 0 ng/ml in the control group, 0.48±0.025 ng/ml in the ADPC group and 0.87±0.023 ng/ml in the AIPC group, which were significantly different compared with the ADT group (0.17±0.032 ng/ml; P<0.01).
IL-4 serum levels were demonstrated to be increased in honnone-refractory PCa and IL-4 was shown to enhance PSA reporter gene activity by the activation of AR NTD in human LNCaP cells.
Androgen receptor-dependent PSA expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells does not involve androgen receptor occupancy of the PSA locus.
The AR coactivator Tip60, which is up-regulated by androgen ablation, is recruited to the promoter of the prostate-specific antigen gene in the absence of androgen in androgen-independent prostate cancer sublines.
In phase I/II studies, single-agent docetaxel and the combination of docetaxel plus estramustine were effective in inducing prostate-specific antigen reductions of > or =50% in men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC).