TLR4 (896) AG genotype and TLR4 (896) G allele had higher prevalence in UTI (especially in acute cystitis and urethritis) patients, whereas CXCR1 (2608) GC genotype and CXCR1 (2608) C allele had lower prevalence in UTI patients than controls.
The UTI prone children expressed less CXCR1 protein than the pediatric controls (p<0.0001) and two sequence variants were shown to impair transcription.
CXCR1 mutant mice become bacteremic and develop renal scars and studies in UTI prone children have detected low CXCR1 expression, suggesting that CXCR1 is also essential for human disease susceptibility.