Furthermore, geniposide increased the expression of autophagy-related LAMP-2A-protein for clearance of LB from dopaminergic neurons in PD brain via improving lysosomal autophagy process.
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been reported in PD brains and we have identified eight miRNAs predicted to regulate LAMP-2A or hsc70 expression that were reported to be increased in PD.
Indicators of autophagy [expression of beclin 1, autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg 12), unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk 1), p62 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP 2) and conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) I to II], signalling cascade [phosphorylated (p) 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1), phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC 2), p<sub>317</sub>Ulk 1 and p<sub>757</sub>Ulk 1 levels] and lysosome morphology were assessed in control and cypermethrin-treated rat model of PD.