Furthermore, geniposide increased the expression of autophagy-related LAMP-2A-protein for clearance of LB from dopaminergic neurons in PD brain via improving lysosomal autophagy process.
Indicators of autophagy [expression of beclin 1, autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg 12), unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk 1), p62 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP 2) and conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) I to II], signalling cascade [phosphorylated (p) 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1), phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC 2), p<sub>317</sub>Ulk 1 and p<sub>757</sub>Ulk 1 levels] and lysosome morphology were assessed in control and cypermethrin-treated rat model of PD.
MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been reported in PD brains and we have identified eight miRNAs predicted to regulate LAMP-2A or hsc70 expression that were reported to be increased in PD.