Analysis of cytokines, cytokine receptors, and NOS2 transcripts revealed that the levels of mRNA transcripts of the indicated genes are elevated in all IBD groups.
Hispidulin-7-<i>O</i>-neohesperidoside (HN) is flavone diglycoside isolated from the methanolic extract of aerial parts of <i>Cirsium japonicum var</i>. ussuriense.HN concentration-dependently inhibited NO production and considerably downregulated the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and the iNOS protein level in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.HN inhibited the production of the chemotactic cytokine, IL-8, in LPS-induced HT-29 cells.HN has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to prevent and/or treat IBD.
A total of 22 mucosal lesions were revealed in 8 CRC patients comprising conventional IBD-associated dysplasia (4 lesions), PPLs as serrated change/dysplasia NOS (11 lesions), villous hypermucinous change (5 lesions), and two true serrated lesions (one sessile serrated adenoma and one traditional serrated adenoma).