Hispidulin-7-<i>O</i>-neohesperidoside (HN) is flavone diglycoside isolated from the methanolic extract of aerial parts of <i>Cirsium japonicum var</i>. ussuriense.HN concentration-dependently inhibited NO production and considerably downregulated the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and the iNOS protein level in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.HN inhibited the production of the chemotactic cytokine, IL-8, in LPS-induced HT-29 cells.HN has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent to prevent and/or treat IBD.
A total of 22 mucosal lesions were revealed in 8 CRC patients comprising conventional IBD-associated dysplasia (4 lesions), PPLs as serrated change/dysplasia NOS (11 lesions), villous hypermucinous change (5 lesions), and two true serrated lesions (one sessile serrated adenoma and one traditional serrated adenoma).
Analysis of cytokines, cytokine receptors, and NOS2 transcripts revealed that the levels of mRNA transcripts of the indicated genes are elevated in all IBD groups.