Clinical specimens from patients with prostate cancer with higher score of depression revealed higher CD68<sup>+</sup> TAM infiltration and stronger NPY and IL6 expression.
In conclusion the combination of pro-NPY and ERG expression did not show association with risk of BF, castration-based treatment, CRPC, and PCa-specific death following RP.
In summary, we found robust population-independent transcriptional changes in prostate cancer and first signs of ERG rearrangements inducing metabolic changes in cancer cells by activating major metabolic signaling molecules like NPY.
The lower expression of NPY showed association with "aggressive" PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis).
This is the first study to show that altered NPY and MIC-1 expression are significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and suggests that these molecules be developed further as biomarkers in the management of prostate disease.