In accordance, hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased adventitial CYLD and Nox4 expression, promoted AF transdifferentiation, and aggravated CaPO<sub>4</sub>-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice.
After two weeks of Ang II infusion, the incidence rate of AAA substantially dropped from 76.5% in Ang II infused hph-1 mice (n=34) to 11.1%, 15.0%, 9.5% and 0% in hph-1-NOX1 (n=27), hph-1-NOX2 (n=40), hph-1-p47phox (n=21), and hph-1-NOX4 (n=33) double mutant mice, respectively.
Expression of Nox4 was upregulated in human AAA segments and in angiotensin II-treated mouse aortas and was markedly decreased by IMD<sub>1-</sub><sub>53</sub>.