PENK, proenkephalin, 5179

N. diseases: 124; N. variants: 5
Source: ALL
Disease Score gda Association Type Type Original DB Sentence supporting the association PMID PMID Year
CUI: C0006142
Disease: Malignant neoplasm of breast
Malignant neoplasm of breast 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE <b>Results:</b> PENK and human growth hormone concentrations were significantly lower and pro-SP values higher in BC patients compared with controls. 31468986 2019
CUI: C0678222
Disease: Breast Carcinoma
Breast Carcinoma 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE <b>Results:</b> PENK and human growth hormone concentrations were significantly lower and pro-SP values higher in BC patients compared with controls. 31468986 2019
CUI: C0019340
Disease: Herpes NOS
Herpes NOS 		0.030 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE Herpes vector-mediated expression of proenkephalin reduces bone cancer pain. 12402268 2002
CUI: C0029104
Disease: Opioid withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal 		0.010 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE Preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in the caudal periaqueductal gray (cPAG), an important brain region in opioid withdrawal, is increased by both opioid antagonist (naloxone)-precipitated and spontaneous morphine withdrawal, but not by various other stresses in rats, indicating a role of endogenous enkephalins in the cPAG in morphine withdrawal. 10887947 2000
CUI: C0235974
Disease: Pancreatic carcinoma
Pancreatic carcinoma 		0.020 PosttranslationalModification disease BEFREE Preproenkephalin ppENK) hypermethylation is recognized in 90% of pancreatic carcinoma (PCa) tissues, but not in normal pancreas. 16988769 2006
CUI: C0024809
Disease: Marijuana Abuse
Marijuana Abuse 		0.330 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proenkephalin mediates the enduring effects of adolescent cannabis exposure associated with adult opiate vulnerability. 22683090 2012
CUI: C0024809
Disease: Marijuana Abuse
Marijuana Abuse 		0.330 Biomarker disease PSYGENET Proenkephalin mediates the enduring effects of adolescent cannabis exposure associated with adult opiate vulnerability. 22683090 2012
CUI: C3496069
Disease: cocaine use
cocaine use 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE PENK could potentially render a subgroup of individuals with cocaine use disorder (i.e., C-allele carriers) more sensitive to mistakes or other related challenges; in future studies, these results could contribute to the development of individualized genetics-informed treatments. 26164485 2015
CUI: C0022660
Disease: Kidney Failure, Acute
Kidney Failure, Acute 		0.040 Biomarker disease BEFREE PENK was superior to NGAL in predicting AKI (P=0.022) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) (P=0.0085). 28643487 2017
CUI: C1565489
Disease: Renal Insufficiency
Renal Insufficiency 		0.020 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proenkephalin (proENK) also has been shown to be a biomarker for renal dysfunction. 28758975 2017
CUI: C2960127
Disease: Heart failure with normal ejection fraction
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proenkephalin and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a GREAT network study. 30767059 2019
CUI: C0264716
Disease: Chronic heart failure
Chronic heart failure 		0.030 Biomarker disease BEFREE Proenkephalin (PENK), a stable endogenous opioid biomarker related to renal function, has prognostic utility in acute and chronic heart failure. 30767059 2019
CUI: C4509226
Disease: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF] 		0.010 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE PENK levels were raised in HFpEF (median [interquartile range] 88.9 [62.1-132.0]) compared to normal controls (56.3 [47.9-70.5]). 30767059 2019
CUI: C1565489
Disease: Renal Insufficiency
Renal Insufficiency 		0.020 Biomarker disease BEFREE PENK has been associated with heart failure (HF) severity and renal dysfunction. 31091993 2019
CUI: C0027765
Disease: nervous system disorder
nervous system disorder 		0.310 Biomarker group BEFREE Proenkephalin A derived peptides are potentially significant in nervous disorders. 3784778 1986
CUI: C0030567
Disease: Parkinson Disease
Parkinson Disease 		0.230 AlteredExpression disease BEFREE Preproenkephalin and preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression in normal human basal ganglia and in Parkinson's disease. 7477878 1995
CUI: C0153381
Disease: Malignant neoplasm of mouth
Malignant neoplasm of mouth 		0.010 Biomarker group BEFREE A methylation index was developed by averaging the percent methylation of AGTR1, FOXI2, and PENK promoters; patients with a high methylation index had a worse oral cancer-free survival (P = 0.0030). 26342026 2015
CUI: C0220641
Disease: Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma
Lip and Oral Cavity Carcinoma 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE A methylation index was developed by averaging the percent methylation of AGTR1, FOXI2, and PENK promoters; patients with a high methylation index had a worse oral cancer-free survival (P = 0.0030). 26342026 2015
CUI: C0005684
Disease: Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder
Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE A panel of 4 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, and DBC1 or SOX11) had 81% sensitivity and 97% specificity, whereas a panel of 5 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, DBC1, and SOX11 or PENK) had 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detection of bladder cancer (area under curve = 0.939). 21586619 2011
CUI: C0005695
Disease: Bladder Neoplasm
Bladder Neoplasm 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE A panel of 4 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, and DBC1 or SOX11) had 81% sensitivity and 97% specificity, whereas a panel of 5 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, DBC1, and SOX11 or PENK) had 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detection of bladder cancer (area under curve = 0.939). 21586619 2011
CUI: C0699885
Disease: Carcinoma of bladder
Carcinoma of bladder 		0.010 Biomarker disease BEFREE A panel of 4 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, and DBC1 or SOX11) had 81% sensitivity and 97% specificity, whereas a panel of 5 genes (MYO3A, CA10, NKX6-2, DBC1, and SOX11 or PENK) had 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detection of bladder cancer (area under curve = 0.939). 21586619 2011
CUI: C1301034
Disease: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 		0.010 PosttranslationalModification disease BEFREE Aberrant methylation of preproenkephalin and p16 genes in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 12000709 2002
CUI: C1335302
Disease: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 		0.010 PosttranslationalModification disease BEFREE Aberrant methylation of preproenkephalin and p16 genes in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 12000709 2002
CUI: C0011570
Disease: Mental Depression
Mental Depression 		0.300 Biomarker disease PSYGENET Absence of an hypoxic depression of metabolism in preproenkephalin knockout mice. 16095981 2006
CUI: C0011581
Disease: Depressive disorder
Depressive disorder 		0.300 Biomarker disease PSYGENET Absence of an hypoxic depression of metabolism in preproenkephalin knockout mice. 16095981 2006