The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) have been extensively used to assess internet-related addictions.
The Chinese IGDS-SF9, BSMAS, and SABAS are valid instruments to assess the addiction levels of internet-related activities for Hong Kong university students.
RGS proteins contribute to many complex polygenic human traits and pathologies such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, cancers, and many others.
SWUG players were contacted through specialized gaming chats, and 218 of them completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form (IGDS-SF9), a scale that assesses motivation to engage in the game (Massively Multiplayer Online Motivations Scale), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire, the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a question for the self-assessment of addiction.
This review will consider the distribution and mechanisms of action of RGS proteins, particularly the R4 and R7 families that have been implicated in the actions of addictive drugs, how knowledge of these proteins is contributing to an understanding of addictive processes, and whether specific RGS proteins could provide targets for the development of medications to manage and/or treat addiction.