This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)-bound form of MMP-9 (MMP-9/NGAL complex) markers in the determination of early nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The presence of type 2 diabetes associated with 3.2-fold increased PAI-1 expression (adjusted p=0.033), while the presence of hypertension associated with about 50% reduction of IL-8 and TIMP-1.
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by reduced monocyte TIMP-1 mRNA levels, and a lower plasma MMP-9 to TIMP-1 protein ratio compared to controls, a pattern that would promote coronary plaque instability if reproduced within vascular plaque.
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by reduced monocyte TIMP-1 mRNA levels, and a lower plasma MMP-9 to TIMP-1 protein ratio compared to controls, a pattern that would promote coronary plaque instability if reproduced within vascular plaque.
Circulating MMP2,9, the inhibitor TIMP-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured during studies of vitamin-D deficiency as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CHD in 171 healthy British Bangladeshi adults, free of known diabetes or major illness.