As efficient humoral immune responses are important in controlling HIV-disease progression, we characterized the memory B cell population for its subsets and their activation (CD38 expression) and functional [interleukin (IL)-21R expression] profile in individuals with nonprogressive [long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), <i>N</i> = 16] and progressive HIV disease (progressors, <i>N</i> = 16) along with 10 HIV uninfected healthy controls (HCs).
Despite the strong correlation of T-cell CD38 expression with HIV disease progression, evidence linking CD38 expression and dysfunction at the single cell level is scant.