Also, the more active 5-HTTLPR/5-HTTrs25531 haplotype L(A)L(A) conveyed a significant risk for melancholic depression (OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.3-3.1; P=0.001), again only in the female subsample of patients (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-4.1; P=0.02).
Melancholic depression was associated with the 5-HTTLPR long (l) allele and atypical depression with the 5-HTTLPR s-allele (two-sided Fisher's exact test: genotype distribution: P=0.0038; allele frequencies: P=0.007).
The aim of our study was to (a) test for an association between the BDNFVal66Met polymorphism and childhood-onset melancholic depression and (b) to examine the interactive effects of stressful life events (SLE) and the Val66Met polymorphism on the risk of childhood-onset melancholic depression.
However, BDNFrs7103411 and rs6265 similarly predicted worse treatment response over 6 wk in clinical subtypes of depression such as melancholic depression only (rs7103411: TT < CC, p = 0.003; rs6265: GG < AA, p = 0.001).
Recent post hoc analyses indicated a potential association of three polymorphisms in the BDNF gene with worse treatment outcome in patients with the subtype of melancholic depression.
No association between polymorphisms and haplotypes of the AVPR1b, CRHR1 and NR3C1 genes and depression with melancholic features in the course of bipolar disorder.
The following search items were used: "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal" OR "HPA" OR "cortisol" OR "corticotropin releasing hormone" OR "corticotropin releasing factor" OR "glucocorticoid*" OR "adrenocorticotropic hormone" OR "ACTH" AND "atypical depression" OR "non-atypical depression" OR "melancholic depression" OR "non-melancholic depression" OR "endogenous depression" OR "endogenomorphic depression" OR "non-endogenous depression".
The following search items were used: "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal" OR "HPA" OR "cortisol" OR "corticotropin releasing hormone" OR "corticotropin releasing factor" OR "glucocorticoid*" OR "adrenocorticotropic hormone" OR "ACTH" AND "atypical depression" OR "non-atypical depression" OR "melancholic depression" OR "non-melancholic depression" OR "endogenous depression" OR "endogenomorphic depression" OR "non-endogenous depression".
For inpatients with severe melancholic depression and acute safety concerns, electroconvulsive therapy (or ketamine if ECT refused or ineffective) may be the first-line treatment.
This study considered dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results, Winokur 's familial subtyping, and the presence or absence of melancholia according to DSM-III criteria as potential predictors of response to ECT.
No association between polymorphisms and haplotypes of the AVPR1b, CRHR1 and NR3C1 genes and depression with melancholic features in the course of bipolar disorder.
However, there might be an impact of a -/CT ins/del polymorphism in the enhancer domain of the NET gene on treatment response in melancholic depression, which remains to be functionally investigated in future studies.
In order to further delineate the impact of 5-HT1A gene variation on pharmacoresponse in depression over 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the influence of the 5-HT1A-1019C/G (rs6295) polymorphism was investigated in 340 Caucasian patients with a Major Depressive Episode (DSM-IV) with particular attention to the subtype of depression (major depression and melancholic depression).
A number of application studies assessing socio-demographic factors, cognitive and motor impairment, dexamethasone suppression and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, response to psychotherapy and to electroconvulsive therapy support its validity as a measure of melancholia, while functional brain imaging studies suggest that the measure identifies regions of decreased connectivity.
GWAS results for major depressive disorder (MDD) were taken from the PGC and CONVERGE studies, with the latter focusing on severe melancholic depression.