Slow gait speed was present in 95 out of 357 patients (26.61%) which was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.016), plasma albumin (P < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (P = 0.012), tumour-node-metastasis grade (P = 0.007), sarcopenia (P < 0.001), handgrip (P < 0.001) and post-operative medical complications (P = 0.022).
The prevalence of markers of chronic inflammation (increased CRP and ESR) in men and women with sarcopenia and hip fractures were 74.9% and 52.2%, and 49.3% and 85.1%, respectively.
This chapter focuses on the recent advances of pharmacological approach for attenuating muscle wasting.A myostatin-inhibiting approach is very intriguing to prevent sarcopenia but not muscular dystrophy in humans.
Studies in experimental animals and in patients demonstrate that ammonia is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in cirrhosis via mechanisms involving increased expression of myostatin and of autophagy markers such as LC3 lipidation and p62 leading to muscle dysmetabolism and sarcopenia.
These results suggest that myostatin might be considered a promising biomarker of sarcopenia in hip fracture older adults' patients undergoing rehabilitation and amino acid supplementation.
Both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with sex (p<0.001 and p = 0.006; males vs. females 20% vs. 38% and 12% vs. 38%, respectively); sarcopenia was further associated with neoadjuvant treatment (p = 0.025), tumor grade (p = 0.023), weight loss (p = 0.02) and nutritional depletion (albumin, p = 0.011) as well as low BMI (<25 kg/m2, p = 0.038).
Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was associated with lower BMI, non-use of metformin and lower bone mineral content in men (P < 0.05), and lower bone mineral content, lower serum levels of albumin and older age in women (P < 0.05).
The most significant prognostic factors were the coincidence of elevated CRP and adverse body composition features (sarcopenia and/or low VAT; hazard ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5-13.0, P = 0.008), as well as Fong clinical prognostic score (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.5-5.5, P = 0.002).
Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, albumin, white blood cell count and measures of sarcopenia.
In this prespecified substudy of the Renal Exercise (RENEXC) trial, we investigated the effects of 12 months of exercise training on sarcopenia, muscle mass and plasma myostatin and the relationships between physical performance, muscle mass and plasma myostatin.
Additionally, body mass index, circumferences (biceps, waist, hip, and calf), albumin levels, and the score on a five-question scale for sarcopenia will be obtained during the study.
In multivariable analysis, weight loss >5% (HR 2.8), reduction in SM >5% (HR 5.5), an increase in CRP (HR 2.2) or CA 19.9 (HR 1.9), and resection (HR 0.4) remained independently associated with survival, whereas classical cachexia and sarcopenia did not.
The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.8%.Multiple logistic regression models of the predictors of decline in the components of sarcopenia showed that older age, low Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum albumin level were associated with a higher risk of low SMI.
Body composition metrics such as sarcopenia and low psoas muscle density in addition to low albumin level were able to stratify patients into different prognostic categories.
This study investigated the association between serum myostatin levels and skeletal muscle mass among healthy older community residents in Taiwan, to evaluate the potential of serum myostatin as a biomarker for diagnosing sarcopenia and/or evaluating the effect of its treatment.
MSTN encodes for myostatin, a negative regulator of myogenesis; the downregulation of MSTN expression has the potential to address the muscular atrophy associated with muscular dystrophies, sarcopenia, cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Compared with control subjects, patients with sarcopenia had lower postoperative levels of serum retinol-binding protein (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and patients with visceral obesity had higher levels of C-reactive protein (<i>p</i> = 0.026).